The process by which a conclusion is inferred from multiple observations is called inductive reasoning. The conclusion may be correct or incorrect, or correct to within a certain degree of … 展开

An incorrect inference is known as a fallacy. Philosophers who study informal logic have compiled large lists of them, and cognitive psychologists have documented many 展开

• Philosophy portal
• Psychology portal
• A priori and a posteriori – Two types of knowledge, justification, or argument
• Abductive reasoning – Inference seeking the simplest and most likely explanation 展开

Example for definition #1
Ancient Greek philosophers defined a number of syllogisms, correct three part inferences, that can be used as building blocks for more complex reasoning. We begin with a famous example:
1. All … 展开

Inference engines
AI systems first provided automated logical inference and these were once extremely popular … 展开

• Hacking, Ian (2001). An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77501-4. 展开

• Inference at PhilPapers
• Inference example and definition
• Inference at the Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project 展开