These specific systems are widely studied in human anatomy and are also present in many other animals.
• Respiratory … 展开

The exact components of a cell are determined by whether the cell is a eukaryote or prokaryote.
• Nucleus (eukaryotic only): storage of genetic material; control center of the cell.
• Cytosol: component of the cytoplasm consisting of jelly-like … 展开

The notion of system (or apparatus) relies upon the concept of vital or organic function: a system is a set of organs with a definite function. This idea was already present in 展开

• Systems science portal
• Biological network
• Artificial life
• Biological systems engineering
• Evolutionary systems 展开

• Systems Biology: An Overview by Mario Jardon: A review from the Science Creative Quarterly, 2005.
• Synthesis and Analysis of a Biological System, by Hiroyuki Kurata, 1999.
• It from bit and fit from bit. On the origin and impact of information … 展开