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  1. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero

    Cicero - Wikipedia

    • Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. His extensive writings include treatises on rhetoric, philosophy and politics. He is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and p… See more

    Early life

    Marcus Tullius Cicero was born on 3 January 106 BC in Arpinum, a hill town 100 kilometers (62 mi) southeast of Rome. … See more

    Early career

    While Cicero had feared that the law courts would be closed forever, they were reopened in the aftermath of Sulla's civil war and the purging of Sulla's political opponents in the proscriptions. Many of the orators wh… See more

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    Born3 January 106 BC · Arpinum, Italy
    Died7 December 43 BC (aged 63) · Formia, Italy
    Cause of deathAssassination (by order of Mark Antony)
    Occupation(s)Statesman, lawyer, writer, orator
    The Orator and Philosopher of Ancient Rome
    The Orator and Philosopher of Ancient Rome
    Cicero was one of the most influential figures of the Roman Republic. He was a brilliant speaker, writer, lawyer, and philosopher who defended democracy and liberty. ( show a bust of Cicero )
    Consulship

    Cicero, seizing the opportunity offered by optimate fear of reform, was elected consul for the year 63 BC; he was elected with the support of every unit of the centuriate assembly, rival members of the post-Sullan establishm… See more

    Exile and return

    In 60 BC, Julius Caesar invited Cicero to be the fourth member of his existing partnership with Pompey and Marcus Licinius Crassus, an assembly that would eventually be called the First Triumvirate. Cicero refu… See more

    Governorship of Cilicia

    In 51 BC he reluctantly accepted a promagistracy (as proconsul) in Cilicia for the year; there were few other former consuls eligible as a result of a legislative requirement enacted by Pompey in 52 BC specifying … See more

    Julius Caesar's civil war

    Cicero arrived in Rome on 4 January 49 BC. He stayed outside the pomerium, to retain his promagisterial powers: either in expectation of a triumph or to retain his independent command authority in the coming civi… See more

    Opposition to Mark Antony and death

    In April 43 BC, "diehard republicans" may have revived the ancient position of princeps senatus (leader of the senate) for Cicero. This position had been very prestigious until the constitutional reforms of Sulla in … See more

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    Table of Contents
    Early life
    Early career
    Quick Facts
    Consulship
    Exile and return
    Governorship of Cilicia
    Julius Caesar's civil war
     
  1. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_life_of_Cicero

    Personal life of Cicero - Wikipedia

  2. Written works

  3. Britannica
    https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cicero

    Cicero | Biography, Philosophy, Writings, Books, Death, & Facts

  4. Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writings_…

    Writings of Cicero - Wikipedia

    WEBAn overview of the historical and philosophical works of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman politician, lawyer, orator, and philosopher. Learn about his speeches, letters, treatises, and translations of Greek texts.

  5. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cicero

    Cicero - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

  7. Wikipedia
    https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicero

    Cicero - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

  8. World History Encyclopedia
    https://www.worldhistory.org/Cicero

    Cicero - World History Encyclopedia

    WEBJan 15, 2013 · Marcus Tullius Cicero was a Roman orator, statesman, and writer. He was born on 6 January 106 BCE at either Arpinum or Sora, 70 miles south-east of Rome, in the Volscian mountains. His father was an …

  9. History
    https://www.history.com/.../marcus-tulli…

    Marcus Tullius Cicero ‑ Biography, Letters & Legacy

    WEBDec 16, 2009 · Learn about Cicero, the Roman orator and philosopher who translated Greek ideas into eloquent Latin and influenced the Renaissance and Enlightenment. Explore his life, writings, political alliances, exile and …

  10. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
    https://iep.utm.edu/cicero-roman-philos…

    Cicero - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

    WEBA comprehensive overview of the life and philosophy of Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman orator, lawyer, politician, and philosopher. Learn about his political career, his writings, his influence, and his relationship with …

  11. wikiquote.org
    https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Cicero

    Cicero - Wikiquote

    WEBAug 5, 2024 · Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC), also known by the anglicized name Tully, in and after the Middle Ages, was a Roman philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, …